Northern Himalayas at a height of 2500 to 4000m above mean sea level

• Immunomodulatory activity – protective effect on intestinal epithelial cells
• Anti-inflammatory activity
• Anti-fungal activity
• Anti-helmintic activity – shows to be effective against nematodes and cestodes
• Anti-bacterial activity – inhibits H.pylori, S.mutans, Shigella, MRSA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E.coli, Klebsiella pneumonia
• Anti-viral activity – active against HBV
• Anti-ulcer activity – increases endogenous motilin release, mucus discharge and accelerates gastric emptying; increases defensive factors by improvement in gastric cytoprotection
• Gastroprotective effect
• Anti-diabetic activity – hypoglycaemic effect
• Anti-diarrheal activity
• Anti-atopic properties
• Hepatoprotective effect
• Hypolipidaemic effect – reduces serum cholesterol and triglycerides
• Cardioprotective effect – improve lipid profile, coronary circulation and myocardial functions
• Anti-oxidant activity – protects against oxidative stress; have ability to scavenge free radicals
• Mild thrombolytic activity
• Anti-convulsant activity
• Spasmolytic activity – shown to cause relaxation of smooth muscles
• Bronchodilatory activity
• Anti-cancer properties – has potential activity against prostate and breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, leukemia, gastric, bladder and ovarian cancer. It shows to exert cytotoxic effects against neuroblastoma cells via inducing apoptosis and anti-metastatic effects vie inhibition of migration and invasion

Rejuvenation action:

• Balances Wind and blood disorders
• Balances blood pressure
• Supports nervous system
• Strengthens and protects liver

Gastrointestinal system:

• Improves digestion
• Improves metabolism
• Stimulates motility of gastrointestinal tract
• Stops diarrhea and vomiting
• Heals ulcers
• Pacifies inflammatory bowel disease
• Relieves meteorism and abdominal distension
• Relieves gastrointestinal spasms
• Clears worms

Immune system and detoxification:

• Lowers fever
• Relieves cough, chest congestion and lung inflammation
• Relieves asthma
• Strengthens the lungs
• Has bronchodilatory action
• Relieves headache
• Clears chronic skin diseases
• Supports joints
• Relieves itching
• Has anti-inflammatory action
• Purifies body from toxins
• Clears cholesterol and fat
• Relieves pain

• Volatile oil from Saussurea lappa exerts antitumor efficacy by inhibiting epithelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase-mediated signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma
• Anticancer effect of Saussurea lappa extract via dual control of apoptosis and autophagy in prostate cancer cells.
• Identification of the protective effects of traditional medicinal plants against SDS-induced Drosophila gut damage
• The Genome-Wide Expression Profile of Saussurea lappa Extract on House Dust Mite-Induced Atopic Dermatitis in Nc/Nga Mice
• Sesquiterpene lactones derived from Saussurea lappa induce apoptosis and inhibit invasion and migration in neuroblastoma cells
• In vitro thrombolytic activity of Dhamasa (Fagonia arabica Linn.), Kushta (Saussurea lappa Decne.), and Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia Thunb.)
• A review of therapeutic potential of Saussurea lappa-An endangered plant from Himalaya.
• Anti-oxidant Activity of Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke Roots.
• Evaluation of anti-resistant activity of Auklandia (Saussurea lappa) root against some human pathogens.
• STUDY OF KUSTHA (SAUSSUREA LAPPA, Clarke) IN ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE
• Field trial of Saussurea lappa roots against nematodes and Nigella sativa seeds against cestodes in children.